#include <string.h>
#include <iostream.h>

main()
{
   char a[] = "C++ programming", b[50], c[50], d[50];
   int i;

   cout << "a contains " << strlen(a) << " characters\n"; // 15 characters

   strcpy(b, "Welcome to this program!");                 // b is initialized
   strncpy(c, b, 11);	                                    // "Welcome to " is stored in c
   
   // The following statement is necessary because
   // strncpy does not automatically append '\0' at the end of the string
   c[11] = '\0';

   strcpy(d, c);                          // "Welcome to " is stored in d
   strncat(c, a, 3);                      // "Welcome to C++" is stored in c
   strcat(d, a);                          // "Welcome to C++ programming" is stored in d

   // b: "Welcome to this program!"
   // c: "Welcome to C++"
   // d: "Welcome to C++ programming"
   cout << "b: " << b << "\nc: " << c << "\nd: " << d << endl;

   // Here we can see that b > d
   if (strcmp(b, d) > 0)
     cout << "b > d\n";
   else if (strcmp(b, d) == 0)
     cout << "b = d\n";
   else
     cout << "b < d\n";

   for (i = 0; !strncmp(b, d, i); i++) ;                  // the loop body is empty
   // The above for loop is exited when strncmp(b, d, i) == 0
   cout << "b and d differ at character " << i << "." << endl;
   
   return 0;
}